Intercultural Comm Final Study Guide - 3228 Words

Chapter 4 – Communicating Across Cultures Multiple Choice Questions 1. Which of the following does not constitute a normal interpersonal communication task for managers? a. coordinate activities b. disseminate information c. motivate employees d. give speeches at conferences (moderate, page 126) 2. According to communication researchers Samovar, Porter, and Jain, ______________. a. cultural factors pervade the communication process (difficult, page 126) b. noise is always equally present in cross-cultural communication c. culture does not influence with whom we choose to speak d. communication behavior is not largely dependent on culture 3. All of the following are part of a person’s life space EXCEPT:†¦show more content†¦Eastern Europeans b. Arabs c. South Americans d. Northern Europeans (moderate, page 134) 20. Which of the following characteristics is NOT true of people in a high-contact culture? a. prefer to touch a great deal b. live in warmer climates c. are more individualistic (moderate, page 134) d. prefer to stand close 21. ______________ and ______________ are elements of paralanguage. a. Rate of speech; kinesic behavior b. Tone of voice; language c. Vocal inflection; tone of voice (difficult, page 135) d. All of the above 22. Changing the meaning of words by changing the inflection of your voice is an example of _______. a. paralanguage (moderate, page 135) b. oculesics c. object language d. proxemics 23. Which of the following is an example of paralanguage? a. widening your eyes b. moving closer to the listener c. speaking faster (moderate, page 135) d. using a translator 24. Which of the following statements about time systems is true? a. Monochronic time systems are linear; polychronic systems have a past, present, and future. b. Monochronic time systems have a past, present, and future; polychronic systems have the simultaneous occurrence of many events. (difficult, page 135) c. Monochronic time systems are non-linear, polychronic systems have a past, present, and future. d. Monochronic systems have the simultaneous occurrence of many events; polychronic systems areShow MoreRelatedAn Intern At The University Public Relations Program2695 Words   |  11 Pagestraining is part of the problem. It was also noted that younger professionals, within my generation, don t have the training or the background to make good, ethical decisions. They just don t know any better. (Bernardino, 2011). In similar fashion, a study from the Ethics Resource Center looked at trends within the four generation groups of Traditionalists, Boomers, Gen X, and Millennials. Younger workers were found to be more at risk as measured by four ethical performance standards: misconduct, pressure

How to Create an Effective Classroom Library

The greatest contribution that you as a teacher can make to the educational success of your students is to help them become proficient readers. You can do this by providing them with a classroom library. A classroom library will give them the easy access they need to read. A well-stocked, organized library will show students that you value books as well as value their education. How Your Library Should Function While your first thought of a classroom library may be a cozy little place in the corner of the room where students go to read quietly, you are only partially correct. While it is all of those things, it is also much more. An effectively designed classroom library should support reading inside and outside of school, help students learn about how to select appropriate reading materials, provide a place for students to read independently, as well as serve as a place to talk and discuss books. Lets dive into these functions a little bit further. It Should Support Reading This space should support learning both inside and outside of the classroom. It should include both fiction and nonfiction books that have different reading levels. It should also accommodate the different interests and abilities of all students. These books are going to be books that students can check out and take home with them. Help Children Learn About Literature The classroom library is a place where your students can learn about books. They can experience a variety of book genres and other reading materials like newspapers, comics, and magazines and more in a controlled, small environment. You can use your classroom library to teach students how to select books as well as how to take care of books. Provide Opportunities for Independent Reading The third purpose a classroom library should have is to provide children with the opportunity to read independently. It should be used as a resource to support daily reading where students can self-select books that meet their interest. Building Your Library The first thing that you will want to do when building your classroom library is to get books, a lot of books. You can do this by going to a garage sale, joining a book club like Scholastic, soliciting donations from Donorschose.org, or asking parents to donate. Once you have your books, follow these steps to building your library. 1. Choose an open corner in your classroom where you can fit bookcases, a carpet and a comfy chair or love seat. Choose leather or vinyl over fabric because its easier to keep clean and it doesnt carry too many germs. 2. Combine your books into categories and color code levels books so that they will be easy for students to decipher. Categories can be animals, fiction, non-fiction, mystery, folktales, etc. 3. Label every book that belongs to you. The easiest way to do this is to get a stamp and stamp the inside cover with your name on it. 4. Create a check-out and return system for when students want to bring a book home. Students should sign a book out by writing down the title, author and which bin they got the book from. Then, they should return it by the end of the following week. 5. When students return books you must show them how to put the book back where they found it. You even assign a student the job as book master. This person would collect the returned books from the bin every Friday and place them back in the correct bin. Make sure that you have strict consequences if books are misplaced or mistreated. For example, if someone forgot to return their book by the due date then they may not choose another book the following week to take home. Looking for more book-related information? Here are 20 book activities to try in your classroom.

Essay on The American Revolution Was a Real Revolution

The American Revolution was definitely revolutionary. The people broke free from Britain and gained independence. Only one third of the colonist enthusiastically supported the revolution. The colonist were unhappy and being treated terribly by their motherland and trouble started to brew. The thirteen colonies that became the United States of America were originally colonies of Great Britain. By the time the American Revolution took place, the citizens of these colonies were beginning to get tired of the British rule. Rebellion and discontent were rampant. The main reason the colonies started rebelling against mother England was the taxation issue. The colonies debated England’s legal power to tax them and they did not wish to†¦show more content†¦The citizens of the middle colonies were especially unenthusiastic about the revolution. Among those that did support a change, not everyone that joined the movement favored violence. Quakers and members of other re ligions, as well as many merchants from the middle colonies, and some discontented farmers and frontiersmen from southern colonies opposed the use of violence, and instead favored discussion and compromise as the best solution. The patriots were able to gain a great deal of support for a violent revolution from the less well to do, from many of the professional class, especially lawyers, some of the great planters and a number of merchants. Support for the revolution increased when it became clear that King George III had no intentions of backing down. The Revolutionary War erupted on April 19, 1775. The reason the British and the Americans resorted to using arms after a decade of fighting verbally over the rights of the British subjects in the colonies was because both sides had finally became convinced that force alone couldn’t decide the issues that divided them and war broke out and didn’t end until 1783. The American Revolution did a lot more than change the m ethod of governance. After the war the spirit of equality weakened old habits of difference. The new political opportunities offered by the creation of state government led moreShow MoreRelatedRevolution Dbq1112 Words   |  5 PagesThe Revolution was affected before the war commenced.   The Revolution was in the minds and hearts of the people...This radical change in the principles, sentiments, and affections of the people was the real American Revolution.   Explain the meaning of this 1818 statement by John Adams (referring to the Revolutionary era) and assess its validity. Philosophical words, Once Again In a letter to Hezekiah Niles on February 3rd of 1818 John Adams, once again, spoke his mighty, philosophical wordsRead MoreDifferences Between the French and American Revolutions1362 Words   |  6 PagesDifferences in the American and French Revolutions Sometimes a revolution can take place within a country against its own current state of government, other times a revolution can take place externally to rid a country of another countrys influence. There are many components that are involved in a revolution taking place. One must consider the causes or reasons of the situation, the events that occur during the revolution and the effects or aftermath that had been created by that revolution. There wereRead MoreThe French Revolution And The American Revolution1395 Words   |  6 PagesHonors English 29 September 2014 The French Revolution Some do not know what the real cause of the French Revolution was. There are many considerable factors, yet none of them have been pinned down as the true reason (SparkNote Editors). The French Revolution started as a rebellion for equality, but eventually turned out to be more and show the problems throughout the French government. As said before, there is no exact reasoning behind the French Revolution. but there are many possible factors. OneRead MoreThe Causes Of The American And French Revolution742 Words   |  3 PagesBoth the American and French Revolution were times when the people were tired o f being pushed around and rebelled against their own government to try to make it better for the people. The American revolution came before the French Revolution happened. The French Revolution was based on the American revolution. The leader of the American revolution were George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin franklin, and John Adams. The leader of the French Revolution were napoleon Bonaparte. One causeRead MoreGil Scott Heron Essay1407 Words   |  6 Pagessubject matter. During the 1970s, African Americans sung rap songs to express the need for Black empowerment in society; though their form of singing was not called rapping back then, it was called spoken word poetry, a form of song in which verses of poetry were performed with a fixed beat before an audience. African Americans used this style of singing to express the discontent with the economics and politics during the 1970s. The black population was still economically and politically powerlessRead MoreCauses Of The American Revolution718 Words   |  3 Pages The American Revolution took place from 1765 to 1783. There are many well known reasons for the start of the American Revolution like king George III trying to impose tyranny over all the people by heavily taxing the American people and also the problem with trying to control people from the other side of the world. But there is one reason that is often not mentioned, and that is the American Revolution was also fought to preserve slavery. At the time slavery was a normal thing and to thinkRead MoreThe American Revolution1259 Words   |  6 Pages The American Revolution, one of the chief events in U.S. history, was an event that had its origins planted long before the fighting began. With the time period of the Enlightenment overlapping that of the revolution, ideals of society and humanity flooded colonial society. Although some may argue that the acts of the British were for the colonists’ well-being, I will explain why they were in fact hindrances. Colonists decided to overhaul the system of monarchy because they felt that it did notRead MoreThe Real Cause of the French Revolution Essay1710 Words   |  7 PagesThe Real Cause of the French Revolution For hundreds of years historians have tried to find out the real cause of the French Revolution, and they have come up with hundreds of varieties different reasons as well. Spread over the ten-year period from 1789-1799, the French Revolution was initiated by disagreements over the peoples ideas of reform. Seeking equality, libertyRead MoreThe Revolution Will Not Be Televised Critical Analysis Essay910 Words   |  4 PagesThe Revolution Will Not Be Televised is a poem and song by Gil Scott-Heron. Scott-Heron first recorded it for his 1970 album Small Talk at 125th and Lenox, on which he recited the lyrics, accompanied by congas and bongo drums. The message of the song is the elusive nature of political culture in Nixons America and the inability of the mainstream to capture the real heart of the people. Heron uses cultural refrences from the 1970s to express his angerin the 1970s. What he is trying relay inRead MoreThe American Revolution Set up Equality and Power for America621 Words   |  3 PagesChristopher Hitchens claims that â€Å"†¦ the American Revolution is the only revolution that still resonates†and this claim is valid because the American Revolution led to democratic ideals and governments being spread across the wo rld, it set the precedent of equality in our country, and it set it up to be the world power it is today. America’s Revolution gave birth to real applications of Enlightenment ideals, and in doing so spurred movements of independence and democracy around the world during

Steroids And Athletes Should Not Be Allowed - 1234 Words

Steroids and Athletes What is the best way to get big quick? Most would say to go to the gym or start a more intense workout program and eat right. It is contrary for some professional athletes that go against the correct way to maximize their strength and take steroids. Most your sport competitors participate in sports to have the opportunity to put their abilities against those of their peers. Many athletes are determined to win at all cost. They may use that determination to justify the use of steroids. Steroids are bad, there are many unfair advantages of athletes that use steroids to make gain in a game they love to play, athletes using steroids are not being good role models to the younger generation that looks up to them. , and many athletes have health risk from using steroids. Athletes that are in sports should not be allowed to consume steroids. Or if they are consuming steroids they should not be allowed to play sports. There are many unfair advantages of athletes that use steroids to make gain in a game they love to play. First, the use of steroids is cheating and it violates the rules and contracts athletes have agreed to. A player uses steroids to enhance his or her performance is illegal, so when a player uses them they are cheating. For example; Cheating is monitored today in sports by the use of referees or umpires. Referees and umpires cannot enforce steroid use because they have no way of telling if a player is on steroids or not they cannot beShow MoreRelatedSteriods in Sports Essay1259 Words   |  6 PagesThat athlete could improve his or her already superb skills into something even greater. This can be possible with the help of steroids. There is a current debate of allowing steroids to be legal in sports. Steroids should not be allowed in sports. Some people ask why. This research paper will give those people just a few of the many reasons why it should not be allowed. Through examining dangers of steroid abuse, ethics in sports, and characteristics of individuals who take and use steroids, it isRead MoreThe Drawbacks Of Anabolic Steroids1384 Words   |  6 PagesThe Drawbacks of Anabolic Steroids and Why They Should Stay Illegal Anabolic steroids have been used and taken by humans for over half a century. The effects they provide have developed large ongoing debates as to whether these substances should be allowed to the general public. Anabolic steroid in short provide the human body a much grander potential to build muscle by helping the cells within the body produce more muscle fibers at an astonishing rate that could never be achieved naturally. ManyRead MorePerformance Enhancement Drugs For American Sports1493 Words   |  6 Pagesperformance enhancement drugs are hurtful. The real issue of performance drugs is medical need versus physical want. Moreover, performance-enhancement drugs should still be allowed but with restrictions. The first issue of performance-enhancement drugs (PED) and probably the most recognized PEDs are the use of anabolic steroids.†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦anabolic steroids may provide distinct benefit in size, strength, and stamina† (McCloskey). Anabolic agents are those that promote the growth of muscle, while androgenicRead More Steroids and Sports Essay1324 Words   |  6 PagesSteroids and Sports Steroids, ever since their introduction into the sports world five decades ago, they have been a controversial issue (WebMD medical news). Anabolic performance dates as far back as the original Olympic Games. Today walking into any gym you will find some one who is using steroids or some kind of enhancement supplement. Anabolic steroids are so popular with athletes from high School level all the way up to the top. For the past fifty years, athletes around the world use steroidsRead MoreSteroids And Other Performance Enhancing Drugs1407 Words   |  6 PagesSteroids in Sports Introduction The debate over athletes using steroids and other performance-enhancing drugs has always been a hot-button issue in the sports world. From major league athletes in baseball and football; to track stars and bicyclist in the Olympics, the use of steroids in sports has been a wide-range problem. Those who disagree with the use of steroids and other performance-enhancing drugs say that the athletes who use them are breaking the rules and getting an unfair advantage overRead MoreRace to the Hall of Fame for Mark McGwire and Sammy Sosa Essay1127 Words   |  5 Pagesthere have been debates about steroid use in baseball such as should players be banned from playing for using them and how long players should be suspended for using them. The debate question I chose to explore throughout this paper is should professional baseball players who get caught using steroids be eligible for the Hall of Fame? According to Leigh Steinberg, accredited sports writer for Forbes and the Huffington post, players who use steroids should not be allowed in the Hall of Fame as he explainsRead MoreEssay about Steroids in Sports: Right or Wrong?947 Words   |  4 PagesSteroids in Sports, Right or Wrong? â€Å"We have to make some radical move to get the attention of everyone. Cheaters cant win and steroids have put us in the position that its OK to cheat.† (Lou Brock). Steroids in professional sports has became a major issue and has yet to be justified. Steroids boost the intensity of the game and provide the athletes with more agility and skill to play the game, but should it be fair to allow them? This would give some players an advantage in their sport overRead MoreSteroids Research Paper1103 Words   |  5 PagesSteroid Use for College Pro Athletes College and Professional Sports have been a major entertainment for people all over the globe. Baseball, football, hockey, basketball, golf, and soccer are a few examples of the greatest sports of this decade. These sports and more have the greatest athletes in the world involved and they get the opportunity to showcase their skills and talents each year. They only get the chance to do these things if they can pass a drug test that involves not taking steroidsRead MoreAnabolic Steroid Is A Synthetic Hormone That Resembles1694 Words   |  7 PagesAnabolic steroid is a synthetic hormone that resembles testosterone in promoting the growth of muscle. Such hormones are used medicinally to treat some forms of weight loss and illegally by some athletes and others to enhance physical performance, Anabolic refers to muscle-building, and steroids refers to a large group of chemical substances classified by a specific carbon structure. Since their creation in the early 1930’s, steroid s have been praised for their effectiveness by users, debated overRead MoreLegalize Steroids in Sports799 Words   |  4 PagesLegalize Steroids In Sports Ben Johnson was one of the first superstar athletes to be caught using steroids and was stripped of his 100m gold medal at the 1988 Olympics. He was eventually banned for life in 1993 for testing positive again (Richardson 2010). Performance enhancing drugs have become widely used since the 1970’s and have only increased in the numbers of athletes using the drugs to up their endurance and perform to their greatest potential. Professionals such as Barry Bonds, Jose

Value Relevance of Deferred Tax

Question: Discuss about the Value Relevance of Deferred Tax. Answer: Introduction: The current essay aims to discuss the measurement of property, plant and equipment (PPE) at either revaluation model or cost. The purpose behind the revaluation of fixed assets is to bring forward in the books the fair market value of the fixed assets. This night provide the organisations with an opportunity of investing in other sectors. As pointed out by Hu, Percy Yao (2015), fair value is the amount expected from the sale of an asset or paid in transferring a liability in an arranged transaction between the participants in the market at the date of measurement. The non-current assets could be depreciated, depleted or amortised. However, the amounts of non-current assets are minimised on the balance sheet, which result in loss recognition. The following factors are necessary for an Australian organisation to take into account at the time of revaluing its assets: The Australian population is attached tightly to the belief of labour and social peace. At the time, the Aussie politicians doubt any conflict scenario that might result in retaliations in the upcoming elections; they implement measures to ensure social peace. The intensity of political cost is associated with firm size in the form of regulations and other legislation interventions as opportunity costs. The visibility of the big firms is greater in relation to existing wealth, which could draw the attention of the elected representatives concentrating more on the profit level. Due to this, the managers of big organisations might apply upward revaluations for minimising the returns on assets and equity along with the capital gains from asset sale to reduce political costs. Foreign stakeholders needs and information asymmetry: Due to the restricted size of the Australian stock market, the listed organisations have diversified their business operations on the overseas financial markets. Thus, an Australian firm involved in global activities needs to deliver information to both the domestic and foreign stakeholders. The foreign stakeholders need to transform the financial reports into local currencies; however, they lack in relevant knowledge and expertise. Thus, the Australian organisations have an incentive in improving their financial strength through minimisation of information asymmetry. In this case, the managers of the Australian firms need to conduct upward revaluation for accomplishing this objective. It has been observed that the revaluation of assets would result in greater costs related to contracts. For instance, the auditors devote greater amount of time in assessing the reported figures and discussing the same with the directors. The revaluation of fixed costs is dependent on the judgement of the appraisers, which might lead to bias. The dishonest CFOs and CEOs are probable to use fair value accounting to the efforts for manipulation of net profit. The AASB 116 states that PPE has been difficult to classify in contrast to properties of investment. In order to revalue the PPEs, the accumulated depreciation needs to be anticipated and it needs to be subtracted from the re-valued amount at the evaluation date. Thus, the audit fees are strongly associated with the asset revaluation method. When an organisation measures its assets at the revaluation model, it needs to be updated immediately prior to being categorised as held for sale (Hu, Percy Yao, 2015). The impact of such treatment is that the cost of sales would be placed in the income statement when the asset is categorised as held for sale. Examples: Two companies listed on ASX The two listed ASX organisations that gauge their PPEs with both cost and fair value constitute of Woolworths Limited and Telstra Corporation. The PPEs of Telstra constitute of buildings, communication assets and other plant and equipment. At the time of settling the deferred cash consideration, the future payable amount is discounted to existing value on the acquisition date and it is recognised as finance costs. In addition, it applies straight-line method over the economic lives of the assets. Since Telstra functions as both lesser and lessee, the measurement of leased property is recognised at lower of the fair asset value or present value of minimum lease payments in case of the latter (Telstra.com.au, 2017). In case of the former, it recognises a lease receivable by the existing value of unassured residual value estimated after the lease term termination. On the other hand, it has measured the other PPEs in historical cost method, as there has been no change in the value since the acquisition date. In case of Woolworths Limited, the PPEs comprise of development properties, freehold land, lease improvements and other plant and equipment. It has been observed that Woolworths has opted for cost basis in recording its PPE. The PPE carrying amount of the organisation less accumulated depreciation has stood at $10,062.10 million in 2016 (Woolworthsgroup.com.au, 2017). Despite such information reliability, this figure fails to depict the monetary amount expected to be received from the sale of assets. For providing users with more pertinent information, Woolworths has conducted evaluations for ascertaining the fair value related to its PPE. It has recorded an impairment loss of $203.10 million associated with significant items of continuing operations and $1,431.80 million associated with discontinued operations. The assets belonging to the latter category have been categorised for sale. This depicts that the recoverable amount is lower compared to the carrying amount. Such disclosure has delivered the users with reliable information about the net worth of the property. Conclusion: From the above discussion, it has been found that the major factors needed for asset revaluation include firm characteristics, information asymmetry, audit fees, foreign stakeholders needs and financial portfolio. The two organisations listed in ASX that use both fair value and cost in asset revaluation are Woolworths Limited and Telstra Corporation. This is mainly used to deliver the users with pertinent information about the actual value of the property. References: Hanlon, D., Navissi, F., Soepriyanto, G. (2014). The value relevance of deferred tax attributed to asset revaluations.Journal of Contemporary Accounting Economics,10(2), 87-99. Hu, F., Percy, M., Yao, D. (2015). Asset revaluations and earnings management: Evidence from Australian companies.Corporate Ownership and Control,13(1), 930-939. Telstra.com.au. (2017). Retrieved 14 April 2017, from https://www.telstra.com.au/content/dam/tcom/about-us/investors/pdf-e/2016-Annual-Report.pdf Woolworthsgroup.com.au. (2017). Retrieved 14 April 2017, from https://www.woolworthsgroup.com.au/icms_docs/185865_annual-report-2016.pdf

Fast Food Restaurants In Singapore - Solution is Just a Click Away

Question: Identify one typical fast-food franchise that operates in Singapore. Describe and explain the type of layout that the fast-food used. How does it support the company performance objectives? Do different franchises (e.g., McDonald, Burger King or Wendy's have different types of layout? Why? Draw a flowchart (process map) for each of the process and explain ways in which the franchise might be improved? Answer: 1. Introduction: Although the global fast food market is highly saturated, KFC can be considered as one of the most popular brand in the world (Kfc.com.sg, 2015). KFC was founded by Colonel Harland Saunders in 1930s and by 1960 it opened more than 600 outlets across US (Kfc.com.sg, 2015). However, the first store of KFC in Singapore was opened in 1977.By 1996 the number of stores increased to 60 and currently about 85 franchised stores operate under the flagship of KFC in Singapore. The innovative offers innovative items to the customers. The organization aims offering healthy foods to customers while maintaining a friendly environment in its restaurants. Large variety of products and unique recipes enhances the popularity of KFC products. Although KFC is one of the major fast food chains in global market, it is known to the customers for its items in chicken segment. Core values of KFC include offering the best product to customer. Offering items prepared from chicken enhances the acceptability of K FC to people of all communities. However, management of the organization also focuses on using fresh ingredients, herbs and different spices for making the products more attractive to customers. Although the organization purchases raw materials from local suppliers, these materials are used only after meeting the quality standards set by KFC management. However, the management also uses computerized cooking processes for maintaining quality of dishes. (Refer to Appendix 1 and 2) 2. Layout and analysis: Franchises of KFC are present all over the world. However, management of the organization focuses on implementation of process layouts. According to Choi Sheel (2012) implementation of facility management layout strategies not only increases availability of stores but it also increases the chances of getting skilled work force. 2.1 Descriptions: Smooth flow of process is important for reducing service delivery time (Baudel Broeksema, 2012). Dwivedi Chheda (2012) opined that use of process layout is beneficial for increasing flexibility of handing various processes. However, implementation of facility layout strategy enables KFC management to execute their operational activities in uninterrupted manner. Although the management focuses on increasing production, it is also important to keep the environment of floor clean. As stated by DiPietro et al. (2013) the tasks of cleaning floor can be difficult if complexity in operating processes increases. Use of facility management techniques enables that the tasks of processing of raw material and delivering finished products are conducted at two separate ends of store. Thus the flow of process becomes easy and predictable. It also makes the tasks related to store cleaning easier. 2.2 Reason for choosing: Hazard reduction and improvement in product quality: According to Elmedulan Apat (2014) layout of an organization are often influenced by the nature of products served. Kenkmann Hooper (2012) also suggested that availability of product and nature of services offered by an organization are determined by infrastructure of a store. As KFC handling of raw material, fished product and containers is important for improving quality of products. Restaurant management requires ensuring safety for staffs. Use of facility layout not only makes the restaurants attractive but also provides the employees with occupational safety (Zhang et al., 2013). Lower operating cost and easy expansion of stores: Moon Song (2012) stated that use of facility layout reduces the cost of running a store. As most of the stores of KFC uses facility layout model, management requires investing less to run these stores. Kim Shin (2014) stated that environment is one of the most important factors for retaining visitors in a restaurant. Use of facility infrastructure enables the management to keep these restaurants clean. It indicates that the layouts of stores play an important role in increasing profitability of KFC. 2.3 Effectiveness of layout: Efficient utilization of employees: Environment of a restaurant impacts on the efficiency of employees (Kim et al., 2013). Quality of services provided in a restaurant influences loyalty of customers (Kim Shin, 2014). However, using process layout strategies ensure that management of KFC can utilize efficient employees and thus the management can offer customers with products and services of high quality. McDonalds one of the competitors of KFC in Singapore, also follows facility layout strategies for outlets. The organization develops process oriented layout designs to make the process of handling products more flexible. McDonalds is redesigning their outlets and the new outlets will content three different types of dining space. The organization also focuses on designing of outlets in environment friendly manner. However, Burger King another major fast food chain in Singapore uses self ordering Kiosks to make the delivery and payment collection process more efficient. On other hand Wendys, management focuses on increasing the availability of stores. 2.3.1 SWOT Strengths Hazard reduction Reduces complexity for moving people and materials Maximizes staff utilization Optimizes space utilization and flexibility Processes can be supervised easily Makes the process of communication easy Weakness Flow time of products is higher Process planning is complex Opportunities Processes can be modified easily. Thus KFC management can easily add new services or also can implement innovation. Threats Requirement of skilled worker is high Increased complexity in planning Table 1: SWOT of Process layout in KFC Strengths of KFC Layouts: Reduction in workplace hazard and better utilization of employees: Use of process layout reduces work place hazards (Baudel Broeksema, 2012). As the comforts of staffs are emphasized in KFC layout strategies, quality of services provided by staffs also improves. Bottlenecks in processes reduce as the process handling becomes flexible. Ease of moving people and materials: KFC restaurant layouts include functional grouping of various processes. Use of process layout provides staffs with the opportunity of using multiple routes for moving materials. Thus the handling of raw material becomes easier in KFC restaurants. Optimized space utilization: Use of facility layout strategies enables the management of KFC to utilize the available spaces of a restaurant efficiently. Requirement for equipments reduces due to use of process layout. The stores which use process layout also include several departments for doing tasks. It optimizes utilization of available space. Weaknesses: Use of process layout can increase the complexity of production (Zhang et al.,2013). Complex production system can be considered as one of the weaknesses of KFC. Baudel Broeksema, (2012) suggested that employee turnover in hospitality sector can be increased due to work pressure. Although use of facility layout enables KFC management to provide employees with safe and comfortable environment, the kitchens and store rooms can be improved. As process layout infrastructure is used in stores employees require to move too much and it makes their job tiresome. Use of process layout can affect the employee retention policies of KFC. Opportunities: As the number of health conscious customers is increasing, the demand for healthy products is also increasing (Zhang et al., 2013). Management of the organization can increase number of stores in residential areas to implement above-mentioned business strategies efficiently. However, management of the organization can bring innovation into their existing menus according to the food habits of local people. As use of facility layout enable management to expand stores easily, KFC stores may contain different dining spaces for different group of customers in future. Threats: In case of large stores efficiency of material handling may reduce due to long movements. If the variety of processes increases in KFC, complexity in process planning will also increase. Unavailability of skilled worker can reduce the effectiveness of store layout. 2.3.2 Comparison matrix: KFC (Functional layout) McDonalds (Product layout) Burger King (Position Layout) Remarks Manpower Skilled workforce is used as automated processes are less used. Highly skilled workforce is not required Staffs can do various tasks KFCs approach is more effective Cleanliness Floor can be kept clean easily as different processes are grouped together Automatic system is used for material handling. Thus floor remains clean Cleaning floor can be difficult as equipments are not moved Both KFCs and Mc Donalds approaches are effective Accuracy of cashier Accuracy of cashier is high Accuracy of cashier is high as operations are automated Accuracy of cashier is high as the flow of process is simple Accuracy of cashier is high in all cases Seating arrangement Seating arrangements of customers are different according to their requirement Maximum number of seats can be arranged Seating arrangements are fixed and less flexible KFCs approach is more effective Table 1: Comparison matrix of fast food chains in Singapore Analysis on the comparison matrix indicates that KFC and its competitors McDonalds and Burger King use different lay out for designing their stores. As stared by Baudel Broeksema, (2012) use of process layout enables an organization to utilize its work force efficiently. As KFC management uses process layout, it can create groups of staffs according to their roles. Thus the performance of whole team improves. In case of McDonalds layout management focuses on using automation for conducting various activities. As a result the requirement of recruiting skilled employees reduces. However Kim Shin (2014) opined that lack of skilled employees can affect the customer satisfaction level of customers. In case of Burger Kings layout a single staff can be used for doing several tasks. However in such layouts, expertise of an employee is not utilized properly. Both the restaurants of KFC and Mc Donalds can be kept clean. In case of McDonalds use of automated process keeps the floor lean. In KFC tasks of different category are conducted at different places and it reduces the complexity of floor cleaning. Floor cleaning is difficult for position layout as equipments are not moved (Zhang et al., 2013). In all the discussed layouts products are delivered using predefined path and thus accuracy of cashier is high in all cases. Use of process layout enables KFC management to arranging seats according to the category of customers. Flexible seating arrangement not only increases customer satisfaction level but also improves efficiency of teams. In case of other restaurants, seating arrangement is less flexible. Kenkmann Hooper (2012) opined that use of process layout may not be suitable for large processes as path of product flow becomes complex. Although use of process layout is currently effective for conducting daily activities, its effectiven ess may reduce in future due to changes in product development techniques. 2.3.3 4Ps of KFC: Product Different parts of products are cooked at different places. Parts are assembled after getting an order. Handling of product becomes easier Price Operating cost of running floor is reduced Place Processes are conducted at different places according to their category Promotion Promotion can be done through interior design Table 2: 4Ps of facility layout in KFC Product: Use of process layout enables staffs to manage raw material and finished product more efficiently and thus it improves quality of products. Use of process layout also enables the organization to categorize the tasks of product development according to their category. It also allows the management to utilize the skills of their staffs. However use of process layout increases the service delivery time of KFC. Restaurants such as McDonalds which use product lay out can deliver items within less time. High time for food preparation reduces the effectiveness of KFC store layouts. Price: As the operating costs of stores are low due to use of process layout, KFC can earn huge profit. However, the pricing of items is affected by complex item preparation process. As the production systems of KFCs competitors are simpler, they sell products at comparative low prices. Use of process layout sometimes restricts KFC to implement competitive pricing stratehies.KFC management often offers some add-on services to make the products attractive. Extension of stores is easier and cost effective due to use of process layout. Place: Use of process layout enables the management of KFC to conduct the different processes at different places of store. It is also beneficial for arranging sets of customers according to their types. Thus KFC can provide customers with relaxing environment. Promotion: KFC management can implement interior decoration strategies easily due to use of process layout. Locations of KFC stores are highly convenient. Thus the management does not need to conduct any special promotional activities for informing visitors about the location of stores. Innovative designs of restaurants also attract customers. 3. Flowchart for process layout in KFC: Figure 1: Facility layout in KFC Facility layout in KFC: In KFC the management used process layout for designing restaurants. In these restaurants, the raw materials are collected at one end. However different parts of a product are cooked by chefs. After a customer places an order, the cooked portions are assembled together and served to customers. Impact of facility layout on company objectives: Facility layouts of KFC floors are effective for meeting organizational objectives. Operating costs of these floors are less. So using facility layout is beneficial for KFC management to increase their revenues. Use of facility layout is also beneficial for providing customers with flexible seating arrangements. Thus use of process layout is enabling the organization to satisfy its customers. 4. Recommendations: Although the layouts of KFC franchises in Singapore are effective to attract visitors, competition in the market is increasing. It indicates that management of the organization requires modifying their business strategies for attiring sustainable growth rate. Some recommendations are made in this assignment for KFC franchises in Singapore. Designing separate spaces for different customer groups: The management of KFC should redesign the existing outlets to bring variation in dining spaces. As children and families is one of the most profitable customers groups in KFC, management should focus on creating separate places for children and families. As most of the customers of KFC are young adults and teenagers, the management focuses on providing them with relaxing environment. KFC outlets should contain more flexible chairs so that people of all age become interested to visit here. Separate places for different products: In Singapore, most of the KFC stores offer full menu to the customers. Segmenting the customers according to their requirements enhances the loyalty to organization. However, in the case of KFC, designing menu as per the requirements of customer makes the stores profitable. Although the products included in the menu of KFC are tasty enough to attract customers, most of these products are not good for the health of customers. As the customers are becoming more health conscious, unhealthy foods are also affecting business growth of KFC. However KFC management can arrange for separate counters for different product and customer groups Increasing the opportunity of self service: The management of KFC should emphasize on adding self-service kiosks in outlets. Inclusion of Self serving Kiosks will make the service delivery process more efficient. 5. Conclusion: Analysis of the lay outs of KFC franchises in Singapore indicates that management develops the strategies for its store layouts with focus on ensuring comfort to customers. Although KFC is one of the most well known fast food brands in global market, growth of this organization is being affected by increased competition. However, the management can focus on modifying the store layouts to attract large number of visitors in KFC restaurants. According to the findings of KFC layout strategy analysis, outlets of this organization can provide customers with self-service opportunities. The stores may contain separate spaces for separate customer groups. Apart from this; the management can increase the number of stores in Singapore to retain customers. References Baudel, T. Broeksema, B. (2012). Capturing the Design Space of Sequential Space-Filling Layouts. IEEE Transactions on Visualization Computer Graphics, 18(12), pp.2593-2602. BURGER KING SINGAPORE, (2015). 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